Limestone consists of calcite and some magnesium, and has a smooth granular surface. Some of the denser limestone can be polished. Limestone is more likely to stain than marble. Common colors are black, grey, white, yellow and brown.

Sandstone is a very durable formation of quartz grains, ie. Sand. It is popular for its durability and earth-tone colors of light brown or red. Sandstone should be sealed and regularly maintained because of its absorption capability.

Fossilstone is considered a limestone that contains sealshell and plant fossil. It should be preserved with a penetration sealer and a quality stone care programme and is very sensitive to acids.

Travertine is an accumulation of calcite form hot springs. Usually cream or red in colour. It contains many holes that formed when sulphur bubbles ate away part of the stone. The holes often are filled with synthetic resin or cement to make it suitable for commercial use.

Be prepared to carry out and extensive maintenance programme if the holes are filled. Some travertine can be polished. Travertine must be protected with a penetrating sealer and regulary cleaned with a stone cleaner.

Metamorphic stone results from a natural change form one type of stone to another through a combination of heat, pressure and combining with other minerals.

The change can result in a crystalline formation, a texture variation or a different colour.

Marble is formed when limestone softens under heat and pressure, then recrystallises. Marble consists of calcium and dolomite, comes in many colours and usually is heavily veined. It is important to care for marble from the beginning. Restoration is often required on neglected or improperly treated marble. It is very sensitive to acid and alkaline cleaners.

Igneous stone forms from volcanic material such as liquid magma that has cooled and solidified.

Mineral gases and liquids penetrate the stone and create new crystalline formations with various colours.

Granite is made of quartz feldspar and postassium - usually comes in dark colours and has a heavy crystalline and granular appearance with mineral grains. It is very hard and easier to maintain that marble, but is porous and can stain. Granite should be sealed with a stone penetrating sealer that protects against water and oil -based spills, then cleaned with a stone cleaner. Apply a stone polish to countertops for extra protection.

Terrazzo consists of marble and granite chips in cement. It is durable and easy to maintain but it doesn't have the beauty of natural stone. Terrazzo should be sealed with a penetrating sealer and maintained with stone cleaners and polishing compounds.

Agglomerate or Conglomerate is made from marble chips embedded in a coloured resin composition. It is a less expensive alternative to marble that requires a thorough maintenance programme.Its low absorption means constant maintained isn't necessary.